Truncating a densely connected convolutional neural network with partial layer freezing and feature fusion for diagnosing COVID-19 from chest X-rays

Abstract

Deep learning and computer vision revolutionized a new method to automate medical image diagnosis. However, to achieve reliable and state-of-the-art performance, vision-based models require high computing costs and robust datasets. Moreover, even with the conventional training methods, large vision-based models still involve lengthy epochs and costly disk consumptions that can entail difficulty during deployment due to the absence of high-end infrastructures. Therefore, this method modified the training approach on a vision-based model through layer truncation, partial layer freezing, and feature fusion. The proposed method was employed on a Densely Connected Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), the DenseNet model, to diagnose whether a Chest X-Ray (CXR) is well, has Pneumonia, or has COVID-19. From the results, the performance to parameter size ratio highlighted this method's effectiveness to train a DenseNet model with fewer parameters compared to traditionally trained state-of-the-art Deep CNN (DCNN) models, yet yield promising results.•This novel method significantly reduced the model's parameter size without sacrificing much of its classification performance.•The proposed method had better performance against some state-of-the-art Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) models that diagnosed samples of CXRs with COVID-19.•The proposed method delivered a conveniently scalable, reproducible, and deployable DCNN model for most low-end devices.