Abstract
BackgroundThe literature has not yet validated the use of intraoral scanners (IOSs) for full-arch (FA) implant impression. Hence, the aim of this in vitro study was to assess and compare the trueness of 12 different IOSs in FA implant impression.MethodsA stone-cast model of a totally edentulous maxilla with 6 implant analogues and scanbodies (SBs) was scanned with a desktop scanner (Freedom UHD®) to capture a reference model (RM), and with 12 IOSs (ITERO ELEMENTS 5D®; PRIMESCAN® and OMNICAM®; CS 3700® and CS 3600®; TRIOS3®; i-500®; EMERALD S® and EMERALD®; VIRTUO VIVO® and DWIO®; RUNEYES QUICKSCAN®). Ten scans were taken using each IOS, and each was compared to the RM, to evaluate trueness. A mesh/mesh method and a nurbs/nurbs method were used to evaluate the overall trueness of the scans; linear and cross distances between the SBs were used to evaluate the local trueness of the scans. The analysis was performed using reverse engineering software (Studio®, Geomagics; Magics®, Materialise). A statistical evaluation was performed.ResultsWith the mesh/mesh method, the best results were obtained by CS 3700® (mean error 30.4 μm) followed by ITERO ELEMENTS 5D® (31.4 μm), i-500® (32.2 μm), TRIOS 3® (36.4 μm), CS 3600® (36.5 μm), PRIMESCAN® (38.4 μm), VIRTUO VIVO® (43.8 μm), RUNEYES® (44.4 μm), EMERALD S® (52.9 μm), EMERALD® (76.1 μm), OMNICAM® (79.6 μm) and DWIO® (98.4 μm). With the nurbs/nurbs method, the best results were obtained by ITERO ELEMENTS 5D® (mean error 16.1 μm), followed by PRIMESCAN® (19.3 μm), TRIOS 3® (20.2 μm), i-500® (20.8 μm), CS 3700® (21.9 μm), CS 3600® (24.4 μm), VIRTUO VIVO® (32.0 μm), RUNEYES® (33.9 μm), EMERALD S® (36.8 μm), OMNICAM® (47.0 μm), EMERALD® (51.9 μm) and DWIO® (69.9 μm). Statistically significant differences were found between the IOSs. Linear and cross distances between the SBs (local trueness analysis) confirmed the data that emerged from the overall trueness evaluation.ConclusionsDifferent levels of trueness were found among the IOSs evaluated in this study. Further studies are needed to confirm these results.
Highlights
The literature has not yet validated the use of intraoral scanners (IOSs) for full-arch (FA) implant impression
In the analysis of the overall trueness with the nurbs/nurbs method, the best results were obtained by ITERO ELEMENTS 5D®, followed by PRIMESCA N® (19.3 μm; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 16.3–22.9 μm) and TRIOS 3®
The present in vitro study investigated the trueness of 12 IOSs in full arches (FAs) implant impression using three different methods: a mesh/mesh method and a nurbs/nurbs method for the evaluation of the overall trueness, and measurement of linear and cross distances between SBs for the evaluation of local trueness
Summary
The literature has not yet validated the use of intraoral scanners (IOSs) for full-arch (FA) implant impression. Intraoral scanners (IOSs) are changing the world of implant prosthodontics [1, 2]. IOSs use structured light and/or laser to capture sequential images of the patient’s dental arches, allowing three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of their surface using powerful reconstruction software. These software applications generate point clouds that are triangulated to give surface reconstructions (meshes), i.e. virtual models of the patient’s dental arches [2, 3]. The optical impressions improve the communication with the dental laboratory, which becomes more efficient, and represents the gateway to the world of computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) [5, 6]
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