Abstract
Ion channels of the Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) family mediate the influx of monovalent and/or divalent cations into cells in response to a host of chemical or physical stimuli. In the skin, TRP channels are expressed in many cell types, including keratinocytes, sensory neurons, melanocytes, and immune/inflammatory cells. Within these diverse cell types, TRP channels participate in physiological processes ranging from sensation to skin homeostasis. In addition, there is a growing body of evidence implicating abnormal TRP channel function, as a product of excessive or deficient channel activity, in pathological skin conditions such as chronic pain and itch, dermatitis, vitiligo, alopecia, wound healing, skin carcinogenesis, and skin barrier compromise. These diverse functions, coupled with the fact that many TRP channels possess pharmacologically accessible sites, make this family of proteins appealing therapeutic targets for skin disorders.
Highlights
Introduction to TRP ChannelsTransient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels constitute a large family of ion channels expressed across vertebrate and invertebrate animal species
It has been shown that TRPC1 and TRPC6, which are co-expressed in sensory neurons with TRPV4, facilitate hyperalgesic responses mediated by the latter channel, through mechanisms that have not been clearly resolved [31]
They showed that in these keratinocyte cell cultures, capsaicin or protons could evoke an influx of calcium that was inhibited by the TRPV1 antagonist, capsazepine
Summary
Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels constitute a large family of ion channels expressed across vertebrate and invertebrate animal species. Mammals express at least 28 different TRP channels that can be divided into six subfamilies, based on their primary amino acid structures: TRPA (ankyrin), TRPC (canonical), TRPM (melastatin), TRPML (mucolipin), TRPP (polycystin) and TRPV (vanilloid). All known TRP channels are selective for cations, with little or no anion permeability. Their relative selectivity among cations can vary. Whereas most TRP channels are so-called nonselective cation channels that show permeability to both monovalent cations such as sodium and divalent cations such as calcium and magnesium, a few are highly selective for either calcium or sodium ions [3]. TThhiiss ggrraaddiieenntt,, iinn ppaarrtt,, hheellppss ttoo ddrriivvee tthhee pprrooggrreessssiivvee ddiiffffeerreennttiiaattiioonn ooff eeppiiddeerrmmaall kkeerraattiinnooccyytteess aass tthheeyy aarree ddiissppllaacceedd aappiiccaallllyy bbyy pprroolliiffeerraattiinngg bbaassaall cceellllss [[1133]]. TTRhPe cehffaenctnselo-fmTeRdPiatcehdandneeplo-mlareidziaattieodn,dmepoorelaorvizera,taiorne,nmotocroenovfienre,dartoe nnoeut rcoonnsf,inseindcetomneemurbornans,esdinecpeolmareimzabtrioanneindneponoleaxrciiztaatbiolencienllsnloinkeexkceitraabtilneocceylltsesliokrelkyemrapthinoocycytetsescaonr layfmfecpthcoeclylutelasrcapnroacfefescstescesluluclharaps rAoTcePssreeslesausceh[a17s]AoTrPcarelcleiuamse [fl1u7x] otrhcroalucgiuhmOfrlauixftahmroiluygchhOanranieflasm[1i8ly]. cFhinaanlnlye,las g[1ro8w]. iFnignlailsltyo, faprgortoewininingtelriastctoofrsphraostebieneninitdeernactitfioerds fhoarsTbRePenchiadnennetlisf,iefdurtfhoerrTeRxpPacnhdainngnethlse, fpuorttehnetriaelxspigannadliinnggrtehpeerptootireenotifatlhseisgenmaloinlegcurelepse[r1to9i,2re0]o. fInththesisecmhaopletecru, lwese [w19il,l2p0r]o. vInidtehaisn cohvaeprvteier,wwoef wTRilPl pchroavnindeel aexnporvesesrivoinewinovfaTriRoPuscchealnl ntyepl eesxipnrethsseioskninin, avsawrioeullsacsetlhletyppheyssiionlothgeicsakl iann,daspwathelollaosgitchael pcuhtyasnioeolougsicparloacnesdsepsattohowlohgicichatlhceuytacnoenotruisbuptreo.cAesssuesmtmo awryhiocfhththeesye dcoivnetrrsibeuptreo. cAesssuesmims parreyseonf ttehdesine dFiigvuerrsee1,phriogchelsisgehstinisg pmreusletinptleedopinpoFrtiguunriteie1s,fohrigthhelirgahpteiungticmtaurglteiptilnegoopfpToRrPtucnhiatinens eflosrinthskeirna.peutic targeting of TRP channels in skin
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