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Abstract
Over the past decade, there has been a progressive evolution of cardiac marker testing in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause of death in the developed world. Biomarkers have an vital role in analysis, risk stratification, administrative running and medical assessment making in the setting of patients presenting with signs and symptoms of MI. Cardiac troponin (cTn) rose to prominence during the 1990s and has evolved to be the cornerstone for diagnosis of MI. Cardiac troponins are released from myocytes following myocardial damage and loss of membrane integrity. Troponin T are member of a group of cardiac regulatory proteins which function to regulate the calcium mediated interaction of muscle filaments actin and myosin resulting in contraction and relaxation of striated muscle. New algorithms integrating Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), NT-proBNP, and more sensitive cTn assays footing potential for more rapid diagnosis of MI, allowing for appropriate management steps to be initiated and more efficient and effective utilization of healthcare resources.
Highlights
Coronary artery disease remains the leading cause of mortality in the western world
WHO has declared CVD as a modern epidemic? Myocardial infarction (MI) is myocardial necrosis occurring as a result of critical imbalance between coronary blood supply and myocardial demand
Myocardial infarction is the “impairment of heart function due to inadequate blood flow to the heart compared to its need, caused by obstructive changes in the coronary circulation to the heart”
Summary
Coronary artery disease remains the leading cause of mortality in the western world. Atherosclerosis is the major cause of coronary heart disease. Coronary heart disease and its major manifestations myocardial infarction, which in turn results when blood supply is so much deprived sufficient to cause focal or massive necrosis of cardiac muscle was a medical rarity prior to first World War[2]. Myocardial infarction is the “impairment of heart function due to inadequate blood flow to the heart compared to its need, caused by obstructive changes in the coronary circulation to the heart”. In more than 90% of cases, the cause of myocardial ischemia is reduced blood flow due to obstructive atherosclerotic plaque lesions in one of the three large coronary arteries or its branches[3]
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