Trophic positions of three euphausiid species from the Prince Edward Islands (Southern Ocean): implications for the pelagic food web structure

Abstract

MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 217:167-174 (2001) - doi:10.3354/meps217167 Trophic positions of three euphausiid species from the Prince Edward Islands (Southern Ocean): implications for the pelagic food web structure L. J. Gurney1,*, P. W. Froneman1, E. A. Pakhomov1,2, C. D. McQuaid1 1Southern Ocean Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa 2Department of Zoology, University of Fort Hare, P/Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa *E-mail: leighgurney@hotmail.com ABSTRACT: The relative trophic positions of Euphausia vallentini (juveniles and adults), E. longirostris (adults) and Nematoscelis megalops (adults) were investigated using samples collected in the vicinity of the Prince Edward archipelago during austral autumn (April/May) of 1998 on voyage 87 of the MV ŒSA Agulhas¹. Gut content analysis and stable nitrogen isotope measurements (δ15N) were performed on the same individuals. For comparative purposes, nitrogen isotope ratios of the copepod Calanus simillimis, the hyperid amphipod Themisto gaudichaudi and the fish Ceratoscopelus warmingi were also analysed. The results of the gut content analysis for E. vallentini juveniles showed that there was a high contribution of phytoplankton to the diet. Stable nitrogen isotope analysis supported this and indicated that E. vallentini juveniles occupied a similar trophic position to that of the copepod (mean δ15N values of 2.38 and 1.72” respectively). E. vallentini adults were found to be omnivorous, but the contribution of carnivory to the diet was difficult to determine. High phytoplankton and low mesozooplankton contributions to the diet from the gut content analysis suggested a predominantly herbivorous diet. However, the stable nitrogen isotope results showed that E. vallentini adults were closely grouped with T. gaudichaudi (mean δ15N values of 3.66 and 4.13” respectively), indicating a high degree of omnivory and a relatively large heterotrophic contribution to the diet. Irrespective of the degree of carnivory, a dietary shift with an increase in size was evident for this species. The gut content analysis of E. longirostris showed that this species consumed large amounts of both phytoplankton and metazoan prey. However, the stable nitrogen isotope analysis indicated a high degree of carnivory (mean δ15N = 6.88”). Although the gut content analysis showed that N. megalops had a lower contribution of mesozooplankton to the diet compared to that of E. longirostris, the stable isotope analysis showed that these 2 species occupied a similar position (N. megalops mean δ15N = 6.83”). The findings of this study support findings in the literature and show that E. vallentini juveniles are herbivorous and N. megalops adults are carnivorous. However, adults of E. vallentini and E. longirostris appear to have higher contributions of heterotrophic carbon to their diets than has been assumed and may occupy higher trophic positions than initially predicted. KEY WORDS: Sub-Antarctic euphausiids · Feeding ecology · Diet · Stable isotopes · Prince Edward Islands Full text in pdf format PreviousNextExport citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 217. Online publication date: July 31, 2001 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; Online ISSN: 1616-1599 Copyright © 2001 Inter-Research.