Abstract
The diet spectrum of the song thrush (Turdus philomelos Brehm, 1831; Passeriformes, Turdidae) was studied with the aim of supporting the population of the species in transformed forests of North-Eastern Ukraine. Four forest ecosystems were surveyed: three model sites in oak woodlands with different stages of recreational digression, and the fourth model site in a pine-oak forest. A total of 45 invertebrate taxa with the dominance of Insecta (64.6%, n = 1321), Oligochaеta (16.7%), and Gastropoda (12.0%) were revealed in the diet of the song thrush. At the level of orders, Lepidoptera (66.2%) was dominant. In the qualitative structure of the song thrush nestling diet, the highest number of taxa (40.5–59.1%) was represented by phytophages. Phytophagous species also comprised the majority of the consumed prey items (44.7–80.3%). Environmental conditions are an important factor, affecting the diet composition of birds. The most favourable foraging conditions for the thrushes were revealed in natural protected areas. The analysis has shown a fairly even foraging efficiency of the thrushes in all the studied sites. The highest biodiversity indices were found in a protected area of the National Nature Park “Homilshanski Forests”. The results of the research indicate an important role of T. philomelos in the population management of potentially dangerous agricultural pests.
Highlights
Monitoring of the status of insectivorous passerines under constantly increasing human pressure on natural biocoenoses is a priority task for contemporary ornithology (Assandri et al, 2017; Blinkova & Shupova, 2017)
The song thrush belongs to the birds which forage in the aboveground layer and, ethologically, is associated with forest areas rich in herpetobionts
It allows the birds to change the species composition of their prey depending on the dominance of prey in each particular model site
Summary
Monitoring of the status of insectivorous passerines under constantly increasing human pressure on natural biocoenoses is a priority task for contemporary ornithology (Assandri et al, 2017; Blinkova & Shupova, 2017). It has been established that habitat conditions of T. philomelos are crucial for the successful breeding and population stability of the species in forests of Germany (Batary et al, 2014), Sweden (Felton et al, 2016), Romania (Domokos & Domokos, 2016), Spain (Moreno-Rueda & Pizzaro, 2009), and for equivalent species in Southeast Asia (Hamer et al, 2015) This issue becomes especially urgent in the north-eastern part of Ukraine, characterised by the intensive transformation of natural communities (Brygadyrenko, 2014, 2015; Chaplygina et al, 2016; Shupova, 2017). It is important to regulate the size of bird flocks which could otherwise destroy part of the harvest (Barnard, 1980; Paralikidis et al, 2009)
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