Türkiye’de Kültür Mantarı Üretimi ve Teknolojik Gelişmeler

Abstract

Significant improvements in mushroom production occurred in Turkey for last 40 years. The production amount, which was 1400 tons annually in 1983, reached 65000 tons as of the end of 2018. While the big part of the mushroom production was carried out in non-modern small family enterprises in 1980s, although the production of family enterprises continues, about 35% of the mushroom production is currently realized in modern plants with daily mushroom production ranged between 1000-9000 kg. Coming to the forefront of high quality and reliable food consumption has provided the starting of the production models that are able to satisfy consumer expectations in cultivated mushroom production. Performing the production in especially controlled environments in terms of air conditioning and automation has been an important factor in meeting the expectations of yield and quality of mushrooms. It is seen that mushroom production is widespread especially in Aegean and Central Anatolia regions besides Mediterranean and Marmara regions. The rapid development of the mushroom sector, especially in the last 10-15 years, has brought many problems. Cultivated mushroom sector has serious losses due to diseases and pests affecting product yield and quality. The presence of licensed chemicals for the control of diseases and pests during the production processes is a very small number and those products leads to insufficiency in control them, and also leads to a decrease in consumer confidence to cultivated mushrooms due to pesticide residues in the product as a result of unconscious drug use. In recent years, studies have been carried out within the scope of biological control to overcome these problems and successful results have been obtained. As a result of these studies, the use of biological preparations in mushroom production has become increasingly widespread. In order to increase efficiency and quality in the sector, besides the physical equipment and technology, the need for expert technical personnel should be met. Universities have important responsibilities in the elimination of problems due to a small number of technicians trained in the field of mushrooms and the small number of academicians. To reach approximately 100 thousand tons of product levels that targeted by the mushroom sector for the next 10 years, could be possible with new investments to be made in this field as well as modernization and improvement works that will increase the efficiency and quality in the existing facilities. This can be achieved through planning of research and development studies in order to solve the needs and problems of the sector and studies to be carried out in cooperation with the university, public and private sectors.