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Abstract
Triticale (× Triticosecale Whitm.) is a cereal grain with high levels of alkyresorcinols (AR) concentrated in the bran. These phenolic lipids have been shown to reduce or inhibit triglyceride accumulation and protect against oxidation; however, their biological effects have yet to be evaluated in vivo. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of ARs extracted from triticale bran (TB) added to a high–fat diet on the development of obesity and oxidative stress. CF-1 mice were fed a standard low-fat (LF) diet, a 60% high-fat diet (HF) and HF diets containing either 0.5% AR extract (HF-AR), 10% TB (HF-TB), or 0.5% vitamin E (HF-VE). Energy intake, weight gain, glucose tolerance, fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, and body composition were determined. Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and glutathione (GSH) assays were performed on mice liver and heart tissues. The findings suggest that ARs may serve as a preventative measure against risks of oxidative damage associated with high-fat diets and obesity through their application as functional foods and neutraceuticals. Future studies aim to identify the in vivo mechanisms of action of ARs and the individual homologs involved in their favorable biological effects.
Highlights
The rising incidence rate of obesity has become a serious public health concern, resulting in a growing consumer demand for a healthy diet by means of natural, health-promoting products [1,2].Obesity is a disorder associated with an increased risk of numerous diseases including type II diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD)
Results of the Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT) at different time points were used to calculate the area under the curve (AUC) in time points were used to calculate the area curve(Figure (AUC) in themice glucose versus time graph
Cereal grains are rich in phenolics, predominantly in the bran fraction, which contains an abundance of other bioactive components that have been shown to protect against chronic diseases including obesity and diabetes [41,42]
Summary
The rising incidence rate of obesity has become a serious public health concern, resulting in a growing consumer demand for a healthy diet by means of natural, health-promoting products [1,2].Obesity is a disorder associated with an increased risk of numerous diseases including type II diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Studies suggest that the co-morbidities in obesity are a result of oxidative stress as a chief underlying source [3]. Oxidative stress is an imbalance in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production that overwhelms the body’s antioxidant defense system. This defense system includes both enzymatic and nonenzymatic mechanisms to neutralize and detoxify ROS and reactive intermediates [4,5]. Enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase can further neutralize H2 O2 by decomposition into water and oxygen. Antioxidant enzymes rely on endogenous antioxidants such as glutathione (GSH) for the hydrogen and electron donations necessary for the reduction and detoxification of ROS [5].
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