Abstract
Introduction: Trisomy 21 is a congenital chromosomal abnormality caused by the presence of a supernumerary chromosome for the 21st pair. It is characterized by cognitive retardation associated with particular morphological changes. This is one of the most common genetic diseases, with an incidence about 1/770 births. We report a case series observed at the delivery room of Souissi Maternity Center in Rabat (Morocco) during one-year period. Material and methods: This is a prospective study of the neonatal registry during maternity consultations. All cases of trisomy 21 were recorded during the year 2015. Results: There were a total of 17257 births, with 44 cases of Trisomy 21; Resulting in an incidence of 0.25% (1 for 392 births). These were 25 males (56.81%) and 19 females (43.19%). The average age of women at the time of delivery was 34,4 ± 7 years . The most affected age group was those with an age greater than or equal to 35-year-old (23 cases) with also a significant number of cases in women under 35-year-old of age (21 cases). Consanguinity was found in only one case. There was no history of trisomy 21 in previous pregnancies. Conclusion: Trisomy 21 is quite common in our maternity. Patients' advanced age seems to be the main risk factor. However, patients under the age of 35-year-old deserve more surveillance in our context.
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