Abstract
BackgroundNasal abnormalities are rare in bovines. In humans, nasal deformities are mainly classified as proboscis lateralis or supernumerary nostrils. This report discusses the etiology of triple nostrils in a calf, based on computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and endoscopy.Case presentationA female Holstein calf presented with triple nostrils. The following abnormalities were observed: (1) formation of a small and flat blind-ended middle nostril between the right and left nostrils; (2) presence of a hair-bearing surface on the muzzle; (3) abnormal curvature of the nasal septum, resulting in a narrower right nasal cavity due to transformation of the nasal bones; and (4) formation of a bone-like structure within the nasal septum. These findings were similar to those of supernumerary nostrils in humans.ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, this represents the first description of a calf with triple nostrils. The use of imaging modalities is necessary for investigating the etiology of triple nostrils.
Highlights
To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first description of a calf with triple nostrils
The use of imaging modalities is necessary for investigating the etiology of triple nostrils
Two main types of congenital nasal malformations have been defined in newborn humans: proboscis lateralis, which is characterized by a soft-tissue tube- or trunk-like appendage projecting from the facial surface near the nose, and supernumerary nostrils, a condition characterized by the formation of accessory nostrils located near the two nostrils [1, 2]
Summary
To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first description of a calf with triple nostrils.
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