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Abstract
The article describes theoretical principles and preconditions of developing advanced innovation systems and presents different theories and authors’ approaches, which could provide growth of research in this field. The authors analyze integral parts of the national innovation system and forms of knowledge circulation within it. They underline the important role of developing processes of three leading institutional sectors of economy collaboration, i.e. state, business and science, which are known in literature as the ‘triple spiral’ model, depict its practical advantages and identify barriers on the way of creating the efficient innovation system through this model. The article puts forward a concept of the regional innovation system, which is close to the national one by certain characteristics and shows its key components aimed at raising national competitiveness, including by way of the cluster approach. Special attention is paid to innovation clusters as an effective form of attaining a high level of competitiveness through informal integration of institutional structures. Cluster policy is presented as a complex of steps which can raise efficiency of the Russian innovation system through development of competitive markets, increasing innovation character of different industries of economy, motivating initiatives in regions and stimulating closer interaction between state, business and science being the key components of innovation system of any country.
Highlights
The article describes theoretical principles and preconditions of developing advanced innovation systems and presents different theories and authors’ approaches, which could provide growth of research in this field
The authors analyze integral parts of the national innovation system and forms of knowledge circulation within it. They underline the important role of developing processes of three leading institutional sectors of economy collaboration, i.e. state, business and science, which are known in literature as the ‘triple spiral’ model, depict its practical advantages and identify barriers on the way of creating the efficient innovation system through this model
The article puts forward a concept of the regional innovation system, which is close to the national one by certain characteristics and shows its key components aimed at raising national competitiveness, including by way of the cluster approach
Summary
В статье описаны теоретические основы и предпосылки формирования современных инновационных систем; рассмотрены различные теории и авторские подходы, дающие рост исследованиям в данной области. Авторами подчеркивается особая роль для инновационного развития процессов коллаборации трех ведущих институциональных секторов экономики – государства, бизнеса и науки, известных в литературе как модель «тройной спирали»; описаны ее практические преимущества, а также выделены барьеры на пути создания эффективной инновационной системы посредством данной модели. Концепция «тройной спирали» стала активно внедряться в практику развитых стран (от Скандинавии до Японии) как основа формирования региональных кластеров, генерирования инноваций и модель организации национальных инновационных систем. По своему потенциалу и структуре кластерная политика является именно тем комплексом мероприятий, который может способствовать решению таких задач, как повышение эффективности национальной инновационной системы, а следовательно, и конкурентоспособности российской экономики через развитие конкурентных рынков; повышение инновационности различных отраслей экономики; ускоренное развитие малого и среднего бизнеса; стимулирование инициативы на местах и активизацию взаимодействия между государством, бизнесом и научным сообществом посредством механизма «тройной спирали»
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