Abstract
A four-port multiband multiple-input-multiple-output antenna with a novel fractal loop derived from the conventional Minkowiski loop is presented in this article. This antenna uses third iteration of the proposed fractal loop and operates at IEEE 802.16d WiMAX band (5.7 GHz) and dual X-bands (7.3 and 9.2 GHz) for ATC and Radar applications. Initially a compact (31.7 × 25.1 mm2 unit monopole antenna element resonating at three different bands (5.7, 7.4 and 9.4 GHz) is designed using the proposed fractal loop. The behavior of two-port MIMO with two unit monopoles in two different configurations has been studied first before designing the four-port MIMO which consists of four unit monopoles consuming maximum dimension of 68.4 × 52 mm2. The overall resonance and effective impedance bandwidth of the MIMO antenna have been found out from total active reflection co-efficient plots. The isolation (> 26 dB) and diversity characteristics of the antenna have been tested using envelope correlation co-efficient ( 9.96) values. The coupling between the elements is minimized by adjusting the separation of the monopoles and also by physically disconnecting the grounds of the monopoles. The measured parameters of the fabricated prototypes of both the unit antenna and four-port MIMO, show adequate similarity with the simulated ones.
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