Abstract
Abstract A high-performance lignin-based loose nanofiltration membrane is fabricated using quaternized lignin as a novel raw material and triphosgene as a crosslinker. It has high pure water permeance (33.8 L m−2 h−1 bar−1), dye rejections, and low salt rejections during the separation of dye/salt mixtures. The quaternary ammonium functional groups endow the membrane with excellent antibacterial properties. It also has satisfactory dye-fouling resistance and separation-performance stability. Triphosgene plays an important role in optimizing the membrane structure and enhancing permeability.
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