Abstract
Objectives Triphala is an extensively prescribed traditional medicinal formula with potential therapeutic effects on various malignancies such as breast, colon, pancreas, prostate, ovarian, cervical, endometrial, and lymphatic cancer as well as melanoma. This study aimed to investigate Triphala for antitumor activities against gastric cancers. Methods In vitro tumor growth and migration of human gastric cancer cells were examined using the CCK-8 and Transwell assays, respectively. In vivo tumor progression was studied in a zebrafish xenograft model. The anticancer activity of Triphala was quantified as growth and metastasis inhibition rate. The underlying molecular mechanism was investigated by Western blotting. Results The CCK-8 and Transwell experiments indicated that Triphala significantly decreased tumor proliferation and suppressed cell migration in vitro. The zebrafish xenograft study revealed that administration of Triphala inhibited the xenograft growth and metastasis of transplanted carcinoma cells in vivo. Western blotting analysis demonstrated an inhibition of phosphorylation of EGFR, Akt, and ERK in the presence of Triphala, indicating that its antineoplastic mechanism is associated with the regulation of the EGFR/Akt/ERK signaling cascade. Conclusion Triphala is a promising antineoplastic agent for the treatment of gastric carcinomas with significant antiproliferative and antimetastatic activities.
Highlights
Despite a significant decrease in both incidence and mortality over the past decades, gastric cancer remains a major global health burden as the fifth most frequently diagnosed malignancy and the third most common cause of death from cancer worldwide with a 5-year overall survival rate of less than 40% [1, 2]
‘Bras Bu gSum ang in Tibetan, which consists of three equal proportions of the fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz., Terminalia belerica (Gaertn.) Roxb, and Phyllanthus emblica Linn., is a widely prescribed traditional remedy that has been clinically used for thousands of years as treatment of various diseases and disorders
The in vitro antitumor and antimigratory properties of Triphala were determined by Cell counting kit dpf (CCK)-8 and Transwell assay, respectively
Summary
Despite a significant decrease in both incidence and mortality over the past decades, gastric cancer remains a major global health burden as the fifth most frequently diagnosed malignancy and the third most common cause of death from cancer worldwide with a 5-year overall survival rate of less than 40% [1, 2]. Conventional therapeutic approaches for gastric cancer include surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Numerous publications indicate that Triphala exerts potent antineoplastic activities against different types of cancer, including breast, colon, pancreas, prostate, ovarian, cervical, endometrial, and lymphatic cancer as well as melanoma [4, 5]. Whether Triphala has similar effects on gastric cancer has not yet assessed in relevant reports. We evaluated the effect of Triphala on gastric cancer in vitro and in vivo
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