Abstract
The tripartite interactions in a pathosystem involving wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), the Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), and the BYDV vector aphid Sitobion avenae were studied under field conditions to determine the impact of these interactions on aphid populations, virus pathology and grain yield. Wheat varietal resistance to BYDV and aphids varied among the three wheat varieties studied over two consecutive years. The results demonstrated that (1) aphid peak number (APN) in the aphid + BYDV (viruliferous aphid) treatment was greater and occurred earlier than that in the non-viruliferous aphid treatment. The APN and the area under the curve of population dynamics (AUC) on a S. avenae-resistant variety 98-10-30 was significantly lower than on two aphid-susceptible varieties Tam200(13)G and Xiaoyan6. (2) The production of alatae (PA) was greater on the variety 98-10-30 than on the other varieties, and PA was greater in the aphid + BYDV treatment on 98-10-30 than in the non-viruliferous aphid treatment, but this trend was reversed on Tam200(13)G and Xiaoyan6. (3) The BYDV disease incidence (DIC) on the variety 98-10-30 was greater than that on the other two varieties in 2012, and the disease index (DID) on Tam200(13)G was lower than on the other varieties in the aphid + BYDV and BYDV treatments in 2012, but not in 2011 when aphid vector numbers were generally lower. (4) Yield loss in the aphid + BYDV treatment tended to be greater than that in the aphid or BYDV alone treatments across varieties and years. We suggested that aphid population development and BYDV transmission tend to promote each other under field conditions. The aphids + BYDV treatment caused greater yield reductions than non-viruliferous aphids or virus treatment. Wheat varietal resistance in 98-10-30 affects the aphid dispersal, virus transmission and wheat yield loss though inhibits aphid populations from increasing.
Highlights
Tripartite interactions among crop host, plant virus and insect vector are more complicated than that we have imaged
As indicated by the aphid peak numbers (APN) and the area under the curve of population dynamics (AUC) were largely consistent according to treatment, variety and year of study (Fig. 2)
The biology and behavior changes of host plant or vector insect that induce by plant virus infections and/or vector insect infestation have the potential to enhance vector insect fitness and virus transmission [5,6,16,23,24]
Summary
Tripartite interactions among crop host, plant virus and insect vector are more complicated than that we have imaged. The primary traits of insect vectors, such as fecundity, survival, and behavior are altered in response to altered host plant characteristics [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13]. These changes in the host plant and insect vector could affect the spread of the insect pests and the viruses they carry. A change in the status of virus and its vectors is expected to affect the yield of the host crop
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