Trinuclear and tetranuclear adduct formation between sodium perchlorate and copper(II) complexes of salicylaldimine type ligands: Structural characterization and theoretical investigation

Abstract

The synthesis of two new sodium perchlorate adducts (1:2 and 1:3) with copper(II) “ligand–complexes” is reported. One adduct is trinuclear [(CuL1)2NaClO4] (1) and the other is tetranuclear [(CuL2)3Na]ClO4·EtOH (2). The ligands are the tetradentate di-Schiff base of 1,3-propanediamines and salicylaldehyde (H2L1) or 2-hydroxyacetophenone (H2L2). Both complexes have been characterized by X-ray single crystal structure analyses. In both structures, the sodium cation has a six-coordinate distorted octahedral environment being bonded to four oxygen atoms from two Schiff-base complexes in addition to a chelated perchlorate anion in 1 and to six oxygen atoms from three Schiff-base complexes in 2. We have carried out a DFT theoretical study (RI-B97-D/def2-SVP level of theory) to compute and compare the formation energies of 1:2 and 1:3 adducts. The DFT study reveals that the latter is more stabilized than the former. The X-ray crystal structure of 1 shows that the packing of the trinuclear unit is controlled by unconventional C–H···O H-bonds and Cu2+–π non-covalent interactions. These interactions explain the formation of 1 which is a priori disfavored with respect to 2.