Trimethylamine deposition in the egg yolk from laying hens with different FMO3 genotypes

Abstract

The A/T polymorphism at position nt 1,034 of the chicken FMO3 cDNA sequence is associated with elevated levels of trimethylamine (TMA) in the egg yolk, which is responsible for the fishy egg flavor. This study was aimed to investigate yolk TMA deposition in eggs from different FMO3 genotype (AA, AT, TT) laying hens fed a high level of choline, and the relationship between egg yolk TMA contents and yolk acceptability. A total of 132 genotyped laying hens, 38 wk of age, were assigned to 1 of the 4 dietary treatments: 1) a control group of AA hens fed 370 mg of choline/kg of diet (practical choline level, provided by 500 mg of choline chloride/kg of diet); 2) AA hens were fed 2,960 mg of choline/kg of diet (higher dietary choline level, provided by 4,000 mg of choline chloride/kg of diet); 3) AT hens were fed 2,960 mg of choline/kg of diet; and 4) TT hens were fed 2,960 mg of choline/kg of diet. All layers were fed a 370 mg of choline/kg added diet for a period of 1-wk adaptation followed by a 6-wk trial period. A remarkable increase in yolk TMA concentration of TT hens (P < 0.001) caused by dietary choline addition at 2,960 mg/kg was observed. The relationship between TMA concentration in the egg yolk (μg/g, y) and deposition time (1~42 d, x) for TT hens is y = 0.0005x(3) - 0.0419x(2) + 1.0924x + 0.4323 (R(2) = 0.9259). The fish-flavor scores of egg yolks rose steadily (R(2) = 0.9324) as the TMA concentration increased, and there was also a corresponding decrease in the acceptance score (R(2) = 0.8276). The eggs were acceptable when the yolk TMA concentrations were less than 4.516 μg/g of yolk.