Abstract
Benzene is a typical volatile organic compound (VOC) and is found widely in industrial waste gases. In this study, trimesoyl chloride-melamine copolymer (TMP)-TiO2 nanocomposites with excellent photocatalytic efficiency in visible-light degradation of gas-phase benzene were synthesized via an in situ hydrothermal synthesis. The optimal conditions for TMP-TiO2 nanocomposite synthesis were determined by orthogonal experiments. The structural, physiochemical, and optoelectronic properties of the samples were studied by various analytical techniques. Ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and surface photovoltage spectra showed that the positions of the light-absorbance edges of the TMP-TiO2 nanocomposites were sharply red-shifted to the visible region relative to those of unmodified TiO2. The most efficient TMP-TiO2 nanocomposite was used for photocatalytic oxidative degradation of gas-phase benzene (initial concentration 230 mg m−3) under visible-light irradiation (380–800 nm); the degradation rate was 100% within 180 min. Under the same reaction conditions, the degradation rates of unmodified TiO2 (hydrothermally synthesized TiO2) and commercial material Degussa P25 were 19% and 23.6%, respectively. This is because the Ti–O–N and Ti–O–C bonds in TMP-modified TiO2 reduce the band gap of TMP-TiO2. The amide bonds in the TMP decrease the TiO2 nanoparticle size and thus increased the specific surface area. The conjugated structures in the TMP provide abundant active sites for trapping photogenerated electrons and promote the separation and transfer of photogenerated electrons and holes.
Highlights
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a kind of important class of air pollutants and are usually found in the air of industrial areas [1]
The optimal conditions were a hydrolysis reaction, temperature set at 80 ◦ C, a trimesoyl chloride-melamine copolymer (TMP):TiO2 precursor ratio 1:1, a hydrothermal reaction temperature of 180 ◦ C, and a hydrothermal reaction time of 8 h
transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed that the TMP-TiO2 nanocomposite prepared under the optimal conditions had a particle size of about 7 nm
Summary
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a kind of important class of air pollutants and are usually found in the air of industrial areas [1]. To improve the catalytic degradation efficiency of the catalyst under visible light, Mittal and Shayegan used noble metals and semiconductor oxides to construct heterojunctions or inorganic acids to further modify TiO2 to improve the electronic activity and quantum yield. These modification methods are expensive, toxic, and environmentally unfriendly [6,8,9]. The TMP-TiO2 nanocomposites were used in the photocatalytic oxidative degradation of gas-phase benzene under visible-light irradiation. High-efficiency, visible-light catalytic oxidation by TMP-TiO2 nanocomposites was achieved
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