Abstract
While targeting elevated serum levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol has been the mainstay of atherosclerosis prevention and treatment for decades, the evidence regarding the atherogenic role of hypertriglyceridemia is still controversial. Various epidemiological population-based studies on statin-treated subjects nominated triglycerides, triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (namely, chylomicrons and very-low-density lipoprotein particles), and their remnants as major determinants of the substantial residual cardiovascular risk. With the triglyceride-glucose index and triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein ratio emerging as surrogate indicators of peripheral artery disease and atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease, one can conclude that further research addressing the intricate relationship between triglycerides and atherosclerosis is warranted. Therefore, this review aims to provide insight into the current clinical and epidemiological state of knowledge on the relationship between triglycerides and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. It also intends to highlight the connection between triglycerides and other metabolic disorders, including diabetes mellitus, and the potential benefits of triglyceride-lowering agents on cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality.
Highlights
Epidemiological BackgroundCoronary artery disease (CHD), peripheral artery disease (PAD), and atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease represent major consequences of atherosclerosis, with atherosclerosis-induced cardiovascular disease accounting for substantial clinical and economic burdens [1,2]
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations
While targeting elevated serum levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) has been the mainstay of atherosclerosis prevention and treatment for decades, the evidence regarding the atherogenic role of hypertriglyceridemia is still controversial [3]
Summary
Coronary artery disease (CHD), peripheral artery disease (PAD), and atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease represent major consequences of atherosclerosis, with atherosclerosis-induced cardiovascular disease accounting for substantial clinical and economic burdens [1,2]. In an analysis of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study of 6359 participants followed up for 6 years, ANGPTL3 and apoCIII, along with TRL remnants and low-density lipoprotein triglycerides (LDL enriched with TGs), were significantly linked to CHD events. These results provided a research area that follows the potential benefits of lowering hepatic apoCIII and ANGPTL3 expression in patients with high concentrations of TRL [31]. In this research, small density LDL was not associated with the development of peripheral vascular disease, highlighting the role TRLs play in the development of PAD [43]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
