Triglyceride levels and remnant cholesterol triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in metabolic syndrome and diabetes

Abstract

In recent years, new epidemiological and genetic data have been obtained on the role of triglycerides (TG) and remnant cholesterol (RC) triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in increasing the residual risk of atherosclerosis-associated cardiovascular diseases (ACCD) in metabolic disorders. The aim of the study was to study the associations of different levels of triglycerides and RC triglyceriderich lipoproteins with metabolic syndrome (MS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (TDM2) in the Siberian population.Material and methods. The research was carried out on the materials of the international epidemiological project HAPIEE (n = 9360 people) in people aged 45–69 years. In accordance with the protocol, a questionnaire, anthropometry, and biochemical research were conducted. Abdominal obesity (AO) was found with a waist circumference of ≥ 94 cm in men and ≥ 80 cm in women. MS was diagnosed according to the criteria of the IDF (2005), TDM2 – at fasting glucose levels ≥ 7.0 mmol/l (WHO, 1999, ADA, 2013), hypertriglyceridemia (hyperTG) – according to the definitions of NCEP ATP III, 2002 and the Russian Clinical Guidelines on lipid metabolism disorders, 2023. RC levels are calculated using the formula: total cholesterol (TC) – HDL cholesterol – LDL cholesterol mmol/L. The triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) was determined by the formula: TyG = ln [Fasting triglycerides (mg/dl) x Fasting glucose (mg/dl)/2].Results. Median values and prevalence of various levels of TG have been determined (<1.7; ≥ 1.7 < 2.3; ≥ 2.3 < 5.6; ≥ 5.6 mmol/l). An increase in the prevalence of MS and TDM2 has been shown depending on the levels of hyperTG. High values of RC in AO, MS, and TDM2 were revealed in men and women: 0.68; 0.76; 0.90 and 0.68; 0.79 and 0.93, respectively. In 60 % of men and 80 % of women, RC was ≥ 0.5 mmol/l. An increase in RC was shown from values of 0.51–0.54 mmol/l at TG < 1.7 mmol/l to higher values of 1.26–1.29 at TG ≥ 2.3 < 5.6 mmol/l. The frequency of AO, MS, TDM2 in quintiles (Q) of RC increases linearly from Q1 to Q5. It is shown that from Q1 to Q5 TyG, the levels of RC increase in each subsequent quintile: from 0.36–0.38 in Q1 to 1.1–1.12 mmol/l in Q5.Conclusions. The medians and prevalence of various levels of TG and RC in MS and TDM2 and without metabolic disorders were determined. RC values increase from mild to moderate and high hypertriglyceridemia.