Triglyceride-Glucose Index and Cardiovascular Events in Kidney Transplant Recipients

Abstract

Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) have an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) events (CVEs) compared with the general population. The impact of insulin resistance on CV risk after transplantation is not well defined. We tested whether triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, a surrogate marker of insulin resistance, may predict posttransplant CVEs in a cohort of 715 consecutive KTRs all included 1 year after transplant. Follow-up was 9.1 ± 4.6 years. Mean TyG at inclusion was 4.75 ± 0.29 (median, 4.73 [4.14-5.84]). In multiple regression analysis, having a TyG above the median value was associated with higher body mass index (BMI), low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level, and greater urinary protein excretion. A total of 127 CVEs (17.7%) occurred during the study period. In univariate analysis, TyG was strongly associated with CVE occurrence (hazard ratio [HR] 2.06, 95% CI 1.42-3.50, for each increase of 0.1 in TyG, P< 0.001). The best predictive value was 4.87 (HR 6.32, 95% CI 3.30-12.11, P< 0.001). The risk of CVE gradually increased with higher TyG index (quartile 2, HR 1.71, 95% CI 0.84-5.20, P= 0.139; quartile 3, HR 3.12, 95% CI 1.61-6.02, P< 0.001; quartile 4, HR 7.46, 95% CI 4.03-13.80, P< 0.001, vs. quartile 1). TyG remained associated with CVE in multivariate analysis (HR 2.11, 95% CI 1.22-3.68, for each increase of 0.1 in TyG, P< 0.001). Insulin resistance, as measured by the TyG index is strongly associated with CVE in KTRs. Improving insulin sensitivity seems to be a major issue to prevent CV morbidity and mortality in this high-risk population.