Triggers, Diagnosis and Treatment of Migraine in Primary Care

Abstract

Migraine remains the second leading cause of disability worldwide. Typically, diagnosis is based on the patient's medical history and clinical examination, and imaging studies are usually unnecessary. Migraine can be classified according to the presence or absence of aura and the frequency of headaches. Migraine can occur episodically or become chronic. Although the exact cause of migraine remains unknown, studies suggest that the trigeminovascular system plays a role in the perception of migraine pain. The most commonly reported migraine triggers include stress, fatigue, fasting, sensory stimuli, hormonal changes, and sleep disturbances. Treatment options include acute, preventive, and non-pharmacological therapies. Recent progress in understanding migraine pathogenesis has led to the development of new mechanism-based medications, expanding the range of available treatments. Tailoring treatment plans to individual patients' clinical characteristics, preferences, and needs is important.