Triggers and Diagnosis of Parasomnias in Children –A Review

Abdulaziz Mohammed Kariri,Ali Mohammed Aleid,Fahad Mohammed Saed,Heba A Fouad,Hussam Abdulshakour Jamaluddin,Ibrahim Hassan Faqihi,Ismail Zayed Alqahtani,Khalid Abdulrahman Al Dakheel,Mari Osman Alwadai,Nawaf Abdullah Alghuraybi,Reem Mohammed Kariri

doi:10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i46b32933

Abstract

The occurrence of parasomnias, which are most common during childhood, is one probable early sign of psychosis vulnerability. 6–8 Frequent nightmares have long been thought to play a role in the development of psychosis. In the outpatient clinics, sleep problems are one of the most common presentations. In fact, maladaptive sleep patterns are linked to up to 50% of major complaints in primary care settings. The etiology of parasomnias is unknown because no obvious cause has been identified; nonetheless, a variety of explanations have developed. The majority of childhood parasomnias (confessional arousals, sleepwalking, sleep terror, and nightmares) are harmless, and most children outgrow them. As a result, reassuring and educating the parents can be beneficial in those situations without the need for medical assistance. With that being said there’s also serval medical approaches that address such a disease. In this article we will be looking at the disease epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis and treatment.

Highlights

The term "parasomnias" refers to a wide range of sleep-related behavioural issues
Nonrapid eye movement sleep is divided into four stages: stage I, which is a transitional stage between wake and sleep; stage II, which comprises the majority of the sleep period; and stages III and IV, which occur in the first half of the night and require a more powerful stimulus to awaken the sleeper
Confusional arousals and sleep walking are arousal parasomnias that might be mistaken for seizures.Arousal parasomnias are frequently precipitated by sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome, or acid reflux, treatment for these conditions can often aid with remission

Summary

Introduction

The term "parasomnias" refers to a wide range of sleep-related behavioural issues Both the person suffering from parasomnias and their bed partner may be distressed by the symptoms of these disorders. Nonrapid eye movement sleep is divided into four stages: stage I, which is a transitional stage between wake and sleep; stage II, which comprises the majority of the sleep period; and stages III and IV, which occur in the first half of the night and require a more powerful stimulus to awaken the sleeper. When transitions between these stages are muddled (most typically between stages III/IV and the awake state), parasomnias develop, resulting in behaviours that lack the entire awareness and mentation associated with wakefulness [2]

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