Abstract
Vacuum arcs can be initiated without external means of power enhancement at the cathode surface (by using a high-voltage trigger, laser triggering, and so on). Arc initiation by simply applying the relatively low voltage of the arc power supply is possible if the cathode-anode-separating insulator is coated with a conducting layer and the current at the layer-cathode interface is concentrated at one or a few contact points. The local power density at these contact points can exceed which is sufficient for plasma production and thus arc initiation. This `triggerless' principle has been tested successfully with a large number of cathode materials. One extended test was performed with titanium and more than pulsed vacuum arc initiations have been obtained.
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