Triggered Release of Pharmacophores from [Ni(HAsO3)]-Loaded Polymer-Caged Nanobin Enhances Pro-apoptotic Activity: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study

Abstract

Nanoscale drug delivery platforms can provide an attractive therapeutic strategy for cancer treatments, as they can substantially reduce the adverse side effects associated with toxic small-molecule anticancer agents. For enhanced therapeutic efficacy to be achieved with such platforms, a tumor-specific drug-release trigger is a critical requirement. This article reports the use of a pH-sensitive polymer network that surrounds a nanoscale liposome core to trigger the release of both encapsulated hydrophilic, membrane-impermeable Ni(II) cations and amphipathic, membrane-permeable As(III) anticancer agents under acidic conditions commonly encountered in hypoxic tumor tissues and late endosomes. Computational modeling studies provide clear evidence that the acid-triggered drug-release mechanism for this polymer-caged nanobin (PCN) platform arises from a pH- and temperature-responsive conformation change of the cross-linked polymer cage. As a result, the simultaneous release of both of the active agents in this multicomponent therapeutic enhances the pro-apoptotic activity of As(III) while diminishing its acute toxicity, potentially reducing the undesirable side effects commonly associated with this free drug. The ability to engender acid-triggered release of drugs co-encapsulated inside a liposomal template makes drug delivery using PCN an attractive strategy for triggered drug release.