Abstract
BackgroundTridax procumbens flavonoids (TPFs) are well known for their medicinal properties among local natives. Besides traditionally used for dropsy, anemia, arthritis, gout, asthma, ulcer, piles, and urinary problems, it is also used in treating gastric problems, body pain, and rheumatic pains of joints. TPFs have been reported to increase osteogenic functioning in mesenchymal stem cells. Our previous study showed that TPFs were significantly suppressed the RANKL-induced differentiation of osteoclasts and bone resorption. However, the effects of TPFs to promote osteoblasts differentiation and bone formation remain unclear. TPFs were isolated from Tridax procumbens and investigated for their effects on osteoblasts differentiation and bone formation by using primary mouse calvarial osteoblasts.ResultsTPFs promoted osteoblast differentiation in a dose-dependent manner demonstrated by up-regulation of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin. TPFs also upregulated osteoblast differentiation related genes, including osteocalcin, osterix, and Runx2 in primary osteoblasts. TPFs treated primary osteoblast cells showed significant upregulation of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) including Bmp-2, Bmp-4, and Bmp-7. Addition of noggin, a BMP specific-antagonist, inhibited TPFs induced upregulation of the osteocalcin, osterix, and Runx2.ConclusionOur findings point towards the induction of osteoblast differentiation by TPFs and suggested that TPFs could be a potential anabolic agent to treat patients with bone loss-associated diseases such as osteoporosis.
Highlights
Tridax procumbens flavonoids (TPFs) are well known for their medicinal properties among local natives
Effects of TPFs on osteoblasts differentiation To evaluate the effects of TPFs on osteoblast differentiation, staining for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was performed as an early-differentiation marker of osteoblasts derived from newborn mouse calvaria
The results showed that TPFs enhanced the intensity of ALP staining and activity (Fig. 1a–c)
Summary
Tridax procumbens flavonoids (TPFs) are well known for their medicinal properties among local natives. Our previous study showed that TPFs were significantly suppressed the RANKL-induced differentiation of osteoclasts and bone resorption. The effects of TPFs to promote osteo‐ blasts differentiation and bone formation remain unclear. TPFs were isolated from Tridax procumbens and investigated for their effects on osteoblasts differentiation and bone formation by using primary mouse calvarial osteoblasts. Osteoporosis, a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and micro-architectural deterioration of bone tissue due to an imbalance between osteoclast mediated bone resorption and osteoblast mediated bone formation [5,6,7]. We found the inhibitory effects of TPFs on osteoclast differentiation bone resorption [22]. TPFs significantly suppressed the RANKL-induced differentiation of osteoclasts and formation of pits in primary osteoclastic cells. TPFs decreased expression of osteoclast differentiation related genes including Trap, Cathepsin K, Mmp-9, and Mmp-13 in primary osteoclastic cells [22]
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