Trichromatic Enhanced Dynamic Color Screening on the PDI Check Nintendo 3DS Game.

Abstract

IntroductionClassification of color deficiency has required substantial time and expense with the static Farnsworth-Munsell and Innova Rabin tests. Therefore, dynamic color tests were developed for the Nintendo 3DS.MethodsFifteen color deficient patients and 17 age-matched normals performed Rabin color test in addition to PDI Check dynamic color games resembling Farnsworth-Munsell presentation (version 0.2.8) and 3-color iso-luminance gray (version 0.2.13).ResultsTests of red, green and blue cone-deficient with the v0.2.8 had sensitivity/specificity/PPV of 92%/86%/92% protanopes, 78%/90%/88% deutanopes and 87%/50%/93% tritanopes. Version 0.2.13 had sens/spec/PPV of 78%/83%/78% red-cone, 100%/85%/80% green cone and 67%/78%/33% blue cone. Corresponding IntraClass Correlation (ICC) utilizing v0.2.8 were red-cone 0.22 (−0.02–0.60), green-cone 0.34 (−0.10–0.67) and blue-cone 0.38 (0.12–0.75). ICC for v0.2.13 was higher with protanope 0.62 (−0.07–0.87), deuteranope 0.64 (−0.09–0.88) and tritanope 0.31 (−0.07–0.70). The PDI Check color game took 65 seconds compared to 197 seconds for Innova Rabin.ConclusionThe PDI Check color game quickly identifies patients with inherited color deficiencies.