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Abstract
Fusarium graminearum as the main causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB) and its ability to produce trichothecenes was investigated by molecular techniques. A total of 37 strains isolated from the wheat, harvested in Serbia in 2005, 2008 and 2015, and previously designated by morphological observation as F. graminearum, were used for trichothecene genotypes characterization. The strains were identified using the species-specific primer set FG16R/FG16F while genotypic characterization was done using specific TRI13 and TRI3 sequences of the trichothecene gene clusters. The PCR assays identified all strains as species of F. graminearum sensu stricto with the DON/15-ADON genotype. The quantification of the mycotoxin (DON) was performed using the biochemical assay. The high levels of DON (>20,000 µg kg−1) were recorded in all of the strains from 2005, four strains from 2008 and two strains from 2015. Weather data of the investigated seasons, showed that the optimal temperature, frequent rains and high relative humidity (RH) was very favourable for the development of F. graminearum, affecting the DON biosynthesis.
Highlights
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is cultivated in Serbia on approximately 600,000 ha with the average yield of 4.8 t ha−1 in 2016 according to data of Serbian Statistical Yearbook
According to the data supplied by the Republic Hydro-Meteorological Service of Serbia, higher temperatures and rainfalls were recorded in Belgrade area during the May, coinciding with the period temperatures and rainfalls were recorded in Belgrade area during the May, coinciding with the of wheat anthesis where Fusarium species may cause infections of the spikes
In order to perform reliable identification on the molecular level, the primer set FG16F/FG16R was used in the current work and the product of amplification of 420 bp was obtained, confirming that all the strains belong to F. graminearum sensu stricto (F. graminearum s.s.)
Summary
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is cultivated in Serbia on approximately 600,000 ha with the average yield of 4.8 t ha−1 in 2016 according to data of Serbian Statistical Yearbook. It is primarily used in the production of flour, semolina, bread, baked food, cakes, pasta etc. It can be used as concentrated feed in animal husbandry. Fusarium head blight (FHB) or head scab is the main disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). This disease is caused by the complex of species of the genus Fusarium, wherein the incidence of certain species depends on a geographic region. F. graminearum and F. culmorum are the predominant Fusarium spp. in Europe with the former commonly isolated in southern (warmer) and the latter in northern (colder)
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