Trichomoniasis among Pregnant Women Attending Ante-Natal Clinic in Eket, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted disease detrimental to pregnant women. They are prone to vaginal pH increase during pregnancy, creating a conducive environment for the parasite. This study assessed the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis among pregnant women attending an ante-natal clinic in Immanuel General Hospital Eket, Akwa Ibom State. Methods: Pre-designed questionnaires were administered to randomly selected pregnant women aged 18-49. High vaginal swabs were collected from each participant, and T. vaginalis was diagnosed using wet mount and Giemsa-stained microscopy method. Results: Of the 200 samples collected, 28 (14%) were positive for Trichomonas vaginalis. The infection was highest among the age group 26-35 years, with a prevalence of 22 (78.57%). A higher prevalence of 16 (57.14%) was observed among women with elevated vaginal pH (>4.5) than those with lower pH (<4.5). The distribution of T. vaginalis by clinical manifestation revealed that all the positive women (28; 27.7%) had vaginal discharge and 11(14.3%) experienced itching. Few women experienced Dysuria (4;22.2%) and Dyspareunia (2; 10%). Chi-square analysis showed a significant difference in the age group (p< 0.05). Conclusions: Routine screening of all pregnant women is recommended so that appropriate treatment can be administered early to avoid childbirth complications due to this disease. There is also a need for routine health talks on personal hygiene and safe sex practices.