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Abstract
Trichomoniasis, caused by Trichomonas vaginalis infection, is the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease in female and male globally. However, the mechanisms by innate immunity against T. vaginalis infection have not been fully elucidated. Toll-like receptor2 (TLR2) has been shown to be involved in pathogen recognition, innate immunity activation, and inflammatory response to the pathogens. Nonetheless, the function of TLR2 against T. vaginalis remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the role of TLR2 in mouse macrophages against T. vaginalis. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that T. vaginalis stimulation increased the gene expression of TLR2 in wild-type (WT) mouse macrophages. T. vaginalis also induced the secretion of IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in WT mouse macrophages, and the expression of these cytokines significantly decreased in TLR2-/- mouse macrophages and in WT mouse macrophages pretreated with MAPK inhibitors SB203580 (p38) and PD98059 (ERK). Western blot analysis demonstrated that T. vaginalis stimulation induced the activation of p38, ERK, and p65 NF-κB signal pathways in WT mouse macrophages, and the phosphorylation of p38, ERK, and p65 NF-κB significantly decreased in TLR2-/- mouse macrophages. Taken together, our data suggested that T. vaginalis may regulates proinflammatory cytokines production by activation of p38, ERK, and NF-κB p65 signal pathways via TLR2 in mouse macrophages. TLR2 might be involved in the defense and elimination of T. vaginalis infection.
Highlights
Trichomoniasis is caused by Trichomonas vaginalis infection
RT-qPCR and western blot results showed that Tolllike receptor2 (TLR2) gene expression increased in WT PMφ co-incubated with T. vaginalis for 2 h compared with PMφ without T. vaginalis (Figures 1A,B)
Components of microorganisms were recognized by different TLRs, which result in the activation of intracellular signals and cytokine production by leukocytes and other cells that are necessary for pathogenic microorganisms elimination (Medzhitov, 2001; Kawai and Akira, 2007)
Summary
Trichomoniasis is caused by Trichomonas vaginalis infection. As the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease worldwide, about 280 million people are infected with T. vaginalis every year (World Health Organization, 2012). T. vaginalis can Cytokines Production in TLR2-Dependent Manner be parasitic in prostate, epididymis or foreskin capsule and cause male urinary tract disease (Seña et al, 2007; Johnston and Mabey, 2008; Ryan et al, 2011). At least 80% of T. vaginalis infections are asymptomatic, epidemiological studies have found that trichomoniasis is a risk factor of human immunodeficiency virus transmission (Rottingen et al, 2001). It is obvious that T. vaginalis infection has important medical, social, and economical implications. The mechanisms by innate immunity against T. vaginalis infection have not been fully elucidated
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