Abstract
BackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) infections are the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) globally. The latter has contributed to a variety of adverse outcomes for both sexes. Moreover, in Brazil, epidemiological studies on patients with STIs are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of TV and its association with HPV in women undergoing cervical cancer screening.MethodsWomen with a normal cervix were recruited from a community-based cervical cancer screening program. Gynecological examinations were conducted, and questionnaires were provided. Vaginal canal and uterine cervix samples were collected for cytological examinations (reported using the 2001 Bethesda System) and tested for the presence of TV and HPV DNA.ResultsIn total, 562 women who attended public primary healthcare were included in the study. The T. vaginalis was present in 19.0% (107) and HPV DNA was present in 46.8% (263) of women. Among the women of TV 73.8% (79) had a co-infection with HPV (p = 0.001).ConclusionsWe concluded that a TV infection is associated with an HPV infection of the cervix as well as with the cervical cytological abnormalities. Further studies could reveal the mechanisms by which these two organisms interact at the cellular level, with control for shared behavioral risk factors.
Highlights
Human papillomavirus (HPV) and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) infections are the most common sexu‐ ally transmitted infections (STIs) globally
Trichomonas vaginalis was present in 19.0% (107), and HPV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was present in 46.8% (263) of women
Among women of TV, 73.8% (79) had a co-infection with HPV (p = 0.001)
Summary
Human papillomavirus (HPV) and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) infections are the most common sexu‐ ally transmitted infections (STIs) globally. Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) and Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infections are among the most common STIs; Belfort et al BMC Women’s Health (2021) 21:174 the prevalence of these STIs varies significantly globally, with a higher prevalence in countries with low socioeconomic indexes [3]. These infections can lead to multiple complications, especially in women, including urogenital-related issues (cervicitis, urethritis, vaginitis, and genital ulceration), complications during pregnancy, infertility, increased risk of acquisition and transmission of human immunodeficiency virus, and cancer [3,4,5]. The global prevalence of HPV in women with normal cytology is estimated at 11.7% but can reach up to 55.4% in Brazil [1, 7]
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