Abstract
BackgroundTributyltin, a well-known endocrine disruptor, is widely used in agriculture and industry. Previous studies have shown that tributyltin could cause deleterious effects on bone health by impairing the adipo-osteogenic balance in bone marrow.MethodsTo investigate further the effects of tributyltin on bone, weaned male SD rats were treated with tributyltin (0.5, 5 or 50 μg·kg− 1) or corn oil by gavage once every 3 days for 60 days in this study. Then, we analyzed the effects of tributyltin on geometry, the polar moment of inertia, mineral content, relative abundances of mRNA from representative genes related to adipogenesis and osteogenesis, serum calcium ion and inorganic phosphate levels.ResultsMicro-computed tomography analysis revealed that treatment with 50 μg·kg− 1 tributyltin caused an obvious decrease in femoral cortical cross sectional area, marrow area, periosteal circumference and derived polar moment of inertia in rats. However, other test results showed that exposure to tributyltin resulted in no significant changes in the expression of genes detected, femoral cancellous architecture, ash content, as well as serum calcium ion and inorganic phosphate levels.ConclusionsExposure to a low dose of tributyltin from the prepubertal to adult stage produced adverse effects on skeletal architecture and strength.
Highlights
Tributyltin, a well-known endocrine disruptor, is widely used in agriculture and industry
Rats were treated with corn oil or Tributyltin chloride (TBT) (0.5, 5 or 50 μg·kg− 1) by gavage once every 3 days from ages of 24 d to 84 d, while the established no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) of TBT was 25 μg·kg− 1·day− 1 based on immunological effects [19]
Effect of TBT on the mRNA expression of genes involved in adipogenesis and osteogenesis in Bone marrow (BM) Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a key transcriptional regulator of fat formation [22], while Fabp4 and Angptl4 are their target genes [23, 24]
Summary
Tributyltin, a well-known endocrine disruptor, is widely used in agriculture and industry. Previous studies have shown that tributyltin could cause deleterious effects on bone health by impairing the adipoosteogenic balance in bone marrow. Osteoporosis is an emerging medical and socioeconomic threat characterized by systemic impairment of bone mass and microarchitecture that increases the propensity for fragility fractures [1], and has become a serious public health problem [2, 3]. Previous studies showed that exposure to high dose TBT (over 10 mg·kg− 1) during gestation period caused delayed ossification of the fetal skeleton [13, 14]. Our previous study revealed that exposure to a low dose of TBT (50 μg·kg− 1) reduced the femoral bone mineral density (BMD) of rats with a downtrend of biomechanical strength [15]
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