Abstract
Organotin compounds are a versatile group of organometallic chemicals that are used in a variety of industrial and agricultural applications. Tributyltin (TBT), a common organotin, brings about severe spermatotoxic and organotoxic effects. However, information about the adverse effects of TBT on liver, kidney and testis is scanty. Hence, the present study was undertaken to elucidate the TBT-mediated oxidative stress-induced impairments in these organs. Administration of TBT through oral route at increasing doses of 50, 100 and 150 ppm for 65 days to male Syrian hamsters resulted in drastically decreased activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase and decreased mean levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants (reduced glutathione, vitamin C, and vitamin E) followed by a dramatic increase in the levels of lipid peroxidation in the liver, kidney and testis as compared to the control animals. Significantly high levels of serum urea, creatinine, uric acid and bilirubin were observed in TBT-treated hamsters. Also, TBT treatment induced drastic histopathological changes in the liver, kidney and testis combined with remarkable changes in serum levels of tissue injury marker enzymes Aspartate transaminases, Alkaline phosphatase and Alanine transaminase. These data affirm that exposure to TBT can lead to oxidative stress-induced damage to liver, kidney and testis.
Highlights
The organotin tributyltin (TBT) is a widely used component of paints, which has been reported to mount up in fish and marine wildlife due to extensive harbor activities, fishing, etc
Effect of TBT on non‐enzymatic antioxidants The levels of GSH, vitamin C and vitamin E in the liver, kidney and testis of hamsters in 50 ppm (Group II),100 ppm (Group III) and 150 ppm (Group III) TBTtreated groups decreased to significant levels (p < 0.001) compared to control group of animals (Group I) in a dose-dependent manner
The problematic aspect of TBT is that it accumulates in sediments and may cause long-term adverse effect in aquatic organisms and through the food chain to humans (Aline et al 2014)
Summary
The organotin tributyltin (TBT) is a widely used component of paints, which has been reported to mount up in fish and marine wildlife due to extensive harbor activities, fishing, etc. Article was aimed at finding the impact of TBT in male Syrian hamster as the model organism adopting biochemical and histological analysis of major target organs with a view that the outcome can potentially reflect in the biological processes such as growth and reproduction. This can throw light on early effects of the toxicant in/on the cells of organs such as liver, kidney, testis, etc. Enzymatic antioxidants such as SOD, CAT and GPx, and non-enzymatic antioxidants such as GSH, vitamin C and vitamin E constitute the antioxidant defense system against reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cells whereas AST, ALP, and ALT are the serum indicators of tissue injury
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