Abstract
Many studies focus on nanoparticles as lubricity additives but overlook the fact that wear produces nanosized debris during the field use. In order to simulate the fine metal contaminants, which are the most widespread in various field applications, prefabricated Fe, Cu and Zn nanoparticles were used. Their 0.01–1% suspensions in vegetable and mineral oils with or without ZDDP and ashless AW package were tested on four-ball AW under 150-N load. Tribological effects of nanoparticles were not significant in formulations without AW additives. However, nanoFe addition produced notable lubricity improvement in already excellently performing rapeseed formulation with ZDDP, while such addition reduced performance of the ashless AW pack. Results show that metal nanoparticles can play both positive and negative roles on additive effectiveness and nanosized contaminants can significantly affect the lubricant performance. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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