Tribological behavior of DLC film models in base oils: Analysis of influence of sp3/sp2 ratio and hydrogen content

Abstract

DLC coatings have been proven in formulated oils used in the automotive industry. The development of electric cars and its consequences on the future of the internal combustion engine makes it increasingly necessary that these coatings take their place in other applications where lubrication is generally of lower quality such as for example strips cold rolling where DLC shows significant potential both for production and finishing cold rolling. As a result, the interest of the behavior of these coatings in base oils takes on a new dimension. In this study, we explore the influence of the composition and the sp3/sp2 ratio on tribological behavior of DLC coatings in mineral and synthetic base oils. Hydrogenated DLC films deposited by conventional PECVD with various levels of hydrogen measured by Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis (ERDA) and non-hydrogenated DLC films deposited by PLD in the nanosecond mode (ns-PLD) and by cathodic arc evaporation, thus allowing to have different sp3/sp2 ratios confirmed by Multiwavelength Raman spectrometry, are tested and compared. The tests are performed on a ball-on-flat device with coated balls to better evaluate wear level. The behavior of highly hydrogenated DLC is of particular interest; with a very high level of durability in both base oils and friction level which comparatively varies between low and very low depending on the base oil.