Abstract
Carbon nanodots (CDs) are extensively explored due to their little toxicity, excellent water solubility, and biocompatibility. Particularly, fluorescent CDs have received ever-increasing attention. Nevertheless, up to now, only a few findings have been dedicated to measuring the tribological properties of doped CDs, especially Ga doped CDs (Ga@CDs and nitrogen doped CDs (N@CDs)), and to compare their tribological properties with CDs. Here, we describe a strategy for the low-cost one-pot synthesis of CDs for tribological study. The presented research for the first time describes tribological properties and indicates a possible application of the multifunctional CDs (N@CDs, Ga@CDs, and CDs) as highly specific materials for various tests of engine oils and hydraulic oils. Further, it is stated that the doping of the CDs with various elements can tailor demanding tribological performances like anti-wear and extreme-pressure performances.
Highlights
Nanoscale materials is an emerging area of research bearing many potential applications in various fields, such as physical, biological, chemical, clinical, and medical research sciences.Among the advanced nanomaterials in research, carbon materials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, graphene oxide, and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are cheap and most abundant in our surroundings [1]
It can be seen that the load carrying capacity for N@Carbon Dots (CDs) is higher by an order of magnitude compared to the reference base oil or CDs and Ga doped CDs (Ga@CDs)
CDs, nitrogen doped CDs (N@CDs), and Ga@CDs were prepared by a novel sonochemical method and tested as presence of the elements Fe, Cr, Mn, C and traces of Al, originating from the steel substrate
Summary
Nanoscale materials is an emerging area of research bearing many potential applications in various fields, such as physical, biological, chemical, clinical, and medical research sciences. In lubrication science, using nanoscale materials is an emerging concept for enhancement of the tribological performance of machine elements [12]. Regarding fluorescent metal-doped C-dots, only a few reports were published on using CDs as an additive in lubricants to achieve super-lubricity effects but the relevant research is still in infancy [17,18,19,20]. Ran et al reported a friction coefficient of only 0.009 for a CDs-based polyethylene glycol (5/30 w/w%) composite This result makes the CDs-composite a better lubrication candidate with respect to pristine CDs or polyethylene glycol solution [23]. Ga@CDs. it is of interest to study the tribological performance of CDs, N@CDs, and Ga@CDs. NPs. In particular, doping of CDs could improve their properties as lubricants, for example prolong the lifetime of engine oils and hydraulic oils. Testing the tribological properties of CDs-based suspensions by ball-on-disc were performed using an SRV® tribometer
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