Abstract
It is essential to combine current state-of-the-art technologies such as additive manufacturing with current ecological needs. Due to the increasing demand for non-toxic biodegradable materials and products, human society has been searching for new materials. Consequently, it is compulsory to identify the qualities of these materials and their behavior when subjected to various external factors, to find their optimal solutions for application in various fields. This paper refers to the biodegradable Polylactic acid (PLA)-based filament (commercially known as Extrudr BDP (Biodegradable Plastic) Flax) compared with the biodegradable composite material PLA-lignin filament whose constituent’s trade name is Arboblend V2 Nature as a lignin base material and reinforcement with Extrudr BDP Pearl, a PLA based polymer, 3D printed by Fused Deposition Modeling technology. Certain mechanical properties (tensile strength, bending strength and DMA—Dynamic Mechanical Analysis) were also determined. The tribology behavior (friction coefficient and wear), the structure and the chemical composition of the biodegradable materials were investigated by SEM—Scanning Electron Microscopy, EDX—Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis, XRD—X-Ray Diffraction Analysis, FTIR—Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer and TGA—Thermogravimetric Analysis. The paper also refers to the influence of technological parameters on the 3D printed filaments made of Extrudr BDP Flax and the optimization those of technological parameters. The thermal behavior during the heating of the sample was analyzed by Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). As a result of the carried-out research, we intend to recommend these biodegradable materials as possible substituents for plastics in as many fields of activity as possible.
Highlights
IntroductionThe use of biodegradable plastics in an increasingly diverse range of applications has required a thorough investigation of their thermal, mechanical and other behavior, in order to provide a complete functional characterization to offer the most satisfying answers to the industrial and scientific needs and challenges
The use of biodegradable plastics in an increasingly diverse range of applications has required a thorough investigation of their thermal, mechanical and other behavior, in order to provide a complete functional characterization to offer the most satisfying answers to the industrial and scientific needs and challenges.Materials 2020, 13, 3615; doi:10.3390/ma13163615 www.mdpi.com/journal/materialsThe main strength of biodegradable plastics is the considerable diminution of the negative effects on the environment, especially when they are disposed of and become municipal waste
One should note that biodegradable plastics are not intended to be stored directly in nature, it would be desirable that their biological decomposition be carried out in a controlled environment, under aerobic conditions or anaerobic conditions and under the action of living organisms [1]
Summary
The use of biodegradable plastics in an increasingly diverse range of applications has required a thorough investigation of their thermal, mechanical and other behavior, in order to provide a complete functional characterization to offer the most satisfying answers to the industrial and scientific needs and challenges. Rapid prototyping is an additive manufacturing technology that determines raw materials economics and the possibility of obtaining a prototype in a very short time without the need to involve other traditional processing technologies. Deposition Modeling), which offers the possibility to obtain prototypes of various sizes in a very short time, unlike conventional manufacturing technologies. BDP Pearl and Extrudr BDP Flax—PLA-based filaments are products manufactured by Extrudr and they have a very high rate of biodegradation, due to the fact that their composition is based on renewable raw materials such as annual plants (hemp, sesame and others) and natural additives needed for processing (natural resins) [3]. The area in which the printed biodegradable material samples can find their applicability is very wide, from applications in the automotive industry (parts that are currently produced from non-biodegradable plastic material, parts that relate to the aesthetic side or parts that enter in a gear structure, and which can be replaced with a biodegradable material with similar properties), to applications in the field of electronics, home appliances, toys, furniture and many others
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