Abstract
The wearable tactile sensors have attracted great attention in the fields of intelligent robots, healthcare monitors and human-machine interactions. To create active tactile sensors that can directly generate electrical signals in response to stimuli from the surrounding environment is of great significance. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have the advantages of high sensitivity, fast response speed and low cost that can convert any type of mechanical motion in the surrounding environment into electrical signals, which provides an effective strategy to design the self-powered active tactile sensors. Here, an overview of the development in TENGs as tactile stimulators for multifunctional sensing and artificial synapses is systematically introduced. Firstly, the applications of TENGs as tactile stimulators in pressure, temperature, proximity sensing, and object recognition are introduced in detail. Then, the research progress of TENGs as tactile stimulators for artificial synapses is emphatically introduced, which is mainly reflected in the electrolyte-gate synaptic transistors, optoelectronic synaptic transistors, floating-gate synaptic transistors, reduced graphene oxides-based artificial synapse, and integrated circuit-based artificial synapse and nervous systems. Finally, the challenges of TENGs as tactile stimulators for multifunctional sensing and artificial synapses in practical applications are summarized, and the future development prospects are expected.
Highlights
As an important part of the intelligent perception system, tactile perception can provide object attributes and related information through physical contact, having the basic ability to perceive external physical stimuli
The working principle of the Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) is based on the coupling contact electrification and electrostatic induction, that is, the triboelectric charges can be created on the surfaces of two materials in contact with different polarities, and further form a potential difference when the two materials are separated by an external mechanical force
The research progress of TENGs as active tactile stimulators for artificial synapses is emphatically introduced, which is mainly reflected in the electrolyte-gate synaptic transistors, optoelectronic synaptic transistors, floatinggate synaptic transistors, reduced graphene oxides-based artificial neuromorphic synaptic, and integrated circuit-based artificial synapse and nervous systems
Summary
As an important part of the intelligent perception system, tactile perception can provide object attributes and related information through physical contact, having the basic ability to perceive external physical stimuli. Wang et al [58] reported a multifunctional self-powered tactile stimulator based on the coupling mechanism of triboelectric–piezoresistive–thermoelectric multi-effect, which can achieve the sensing of pressure, temperature, and materials. The tactile stimulator consists of a multilayer structure superimposed with a PTFE film as the friction layer, a Cu sheet coated with Ag NWs as the electrode, and a spongy graphene/PDMS composite as the response element for piezoresistive and thermoelectric effects (Figure 3e). This research can simultaneously realize pressure and temperature sensing by integrating different mechanisms to generate different electrical signals, which provide a new approach for multifunctional sensors and have potential applications in wearable electronics and robotics. This research can simultaneously realize pressure and temperature sensing by integrating different mechanisms Sensors 2022, 22,t9o75generate different electrical signals, which provide a new approach for multifunct7ioonf 2a6l sensors and have potential applications in wearable electronics and robotics
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