Abstract
TiN/SiOx duplex coatings were synthesized on AISI304 stainless steel by plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition (PIIID) followed by radio frequency magnetron sputtering (RFMS). The microstructure and tribocorrosion failure behaviors of the duplex coatings were investigated by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, reciprocating-sliding tribometer, and electrochemical tests. The as-deposited duplex coating had a two-layered columnar growth structure consisting of face-centered cubic TiN and amorphous SiOx. Sliding tests showed that the TiN interlayer had good adhesion with the substrate, but the SiOx layer suffered from severe delamination failure. Friction force induced a number of micro-cracks in the coating, which provided channels for the diffusion of NaCl solution. The tribocorrosion test showed that the duplex coating exhibited a lower wear-performance in NaCl solution than in ambient atmosphere. Multi-scale chloride ion corrosion occurred simultaneously and substantially degraded the bonding strength of the columnar crystals or neighboring layers. Force-corrosion synergy damage eventually led to multi-degradation failure of the duplex coating. The presented results provide a comprehensive understanding of the tribocorrosion failure mechanism in coatings with duplex architecture.
Highlights
In view of its low cost, ease of manufacturing, excellent mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance, stainless steel is the most popularly used material in artificial implants [1,2,3]
Tribocorrosion is defined as degradation due to the combined effect of mechanical wear and electrochemical corrosion [18,19,20,21]
The tribocorrosion test confirms that the TiN/SiOx duplex coating shows a lower wear
Summary
In view of its low cost, ease of manufacturing, excellent mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance, stainless steel is the most popularly used material in artificial implants [1,2,3]. Stainless steels coated with CrCN showed enhanced corrosion resistance and wear resistance [8]. TiN coatings greatly improved the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of stainless steel in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution [9,10]. Materials 2016, 9, 963 and wear resistance [11,12,13] These single coatings suffered from severe delamination failure in corrosive media due to micro-crack propagation [13,14]. Tribocorrosion is defined as degradation due to the combined effect of mechanical wear and electrochemical corrosion [18,19,20,21]. TiN/SiOx duplex coating was designed to enhance the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of stainless steel. The synergistic damage mechanism of wear-corrosion in the duplex coating is discussed
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