Abstract
A simple rectangular microstrip antenna with triangular slotted ground plane has been studied both theoretically and experimentally to improve shortcomings like low gain (5 - 6 dBi), narrow bandwidth (3% - 4%), and poor copolarization (CP) to cross-polarization (XP) isolation, i.e. polarization purity (typically 10 - 12 dB), of conventional rectangular microstrip patch antennas. By placing two pairs of triangular shaped slots on the ground plane just below the nonradiating edges of the patch, high gain (around 9 dBi) and more than 22 dB polarization purity over a wide elevation angle has been achieved. The proposed antenna covers almost the full X band of frequency from 9.55 GHz to 11.43 GHz while resonating at 10.35GHz (i.e. impedance bandwidth of 17%), so the proposed antenna offers improved gain, impedance bandwidth, and polarization purity imultaneously as compared to conventional rectangular microstrip antennas. Parametric studies have been documented to achieve the optimum defect dimension. The specialty of the proposed antenna is that the gain and radiation pattern is quite stable in the entire operating frequency band, along with its attractive gain, impedance bandwidth, and polarization performance. The simulated and measured results show close resemblance to each other. The proposed geometry is quite simple and easy to fabricate and therefore may be ideal for applications where high gain, stable radiation characteristics, and wide impedance bandwidth along with high copolarization to cross-polarization isolation over wide elevation angles are required.
Highlights
Modern wireless communication devices demand tiny broadband antennas with high gain, wide impedance bandwidth, and high polarization purity and the rectangular microstrip antenna (RMA) is an obvious choice for researchers working in the field of low-profile antennas
We focus on the physical insight into the concurrent improvement of impedance bandwidth, gain, and XP performances of the proposed antenna
The simulated (HFSS v.14) and measured results obtained from the conventional and triangular slotted ground plane integrated RMA are presented
Summary
Modern wireless communication devices demand tiny broadband antennas with high gain, wide impedance bandwidth, and high polarization purity and the rectangular microstrip antenna (RMA) is an obvious choice for researchers working in the field of low-profile antennas. The radiation from the corners of the patch at its primary dominant T M10 mode is a key reason for XP radiation from RMAs. Researchers have reported different techniques like aperture coupled dual polarization [8, 9], modification of feed structure [10,11,12,13,14] and ground plane [15, 16], and use of composite substrates [17, 18] to improve the input and radiation characteristics of RMAs. Around 7.5 dBi gain and 24% impedance bandwidth with 23 dB of CP-XP isolation were obtained in [8, 9]. Application of a slot in the ground plane to adopt low XP radiation in RMAs was first reported in [26], where polarization purity of 5–8 dB was achieved in the broadside direction with no evidence of improvement of gain and input impedance bandwidth by placing a dot shaped slot on the ground plane.
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