Abstract
Trial Emulation and Real-World Evidence
Highlights
There are various reasons why the results of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) may not apply directly to daily clinical practice
The quality of electronic health records data tends to be inferior compared with those collected in RCTs, there are examples in which they appear to be on par.[2]
Because this information becomes available during the study follow-up and is not yet available at study entry, this introduces the risk of immortal time bias; participants have to survive until a certain time to classify as having received a certain exposure level
Summary
There are various reasons why the results of RCTs may not apply directly to daily clinical practice. Observational studies, in contrast, are based on what is called real-world data, such as those from electronic health records, and often better represent daily practice. They used observational data to mimic an RCT as much as possible, a technique called target trial emulation.[4]
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