Abstract
BackgroundThe effect of weight loss on different plasma lipid subclasses at the molecular level is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine whether a diet-induced weight reduction result in changes in the extended plasma lipid profiles (lipidome) in subjects with features of metabolic syndrome in a 33-week intervention.Methodology/Principal FindingsPlasma samples of 9 subjects in the weight reduction group and 10 subjects in the control group were analyzed using mass spectrometry based lipidomic and fatty acid analyses. Body weight decreased in the weight reduction group by 7.8±2.9% (p<0.01). Most of the serum triacylglycerols and phosphatidylcholines were reduced. The decrease in triacylglycerols affected predominantly the saturated short chain fatty acids. This decrease of saturated short chain fatty acid containing triacylglycerols correlated with the increase of insulin sensitivity. However, levels of several longer chain fatty acids, including arachidonic and docosahexanoic acid, were not affected by weight loss. Levels of other lipids known to be associated with obesity such as sphingolipids and lysophosphatidylcholines were not altered by weight reduction.Conclusions/SignificanceDiet-induced weight loss caused significant changes in global lipid profiles in subjects with abnormal glucose metabolism. The observed changes may affect insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism in these subjects.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT00621205
Highlights
Dyslipidemia and abnormal fatty acid metabolism - elongation and desaturation - are characteristic in obesity, especially in association with the metabolic syndrome and abnormal glucose metabolism, i.e. impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) [1]
The aim of this study was to examine whether a diet-induced weight reduction and dietary changes towards current recommendations result in changes in the extended plasma lipid profiles in subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and features of metabolic syndrome in a 33-week intervention
This 33-week trial showed that diet-induced weight loss results in marked changes in the lipidomic profile in middle-aged and older men and women with IFG or IGT, and insulin resistance, Figure 4
Summary
Dyslipidemia and abnormal fatty acid metabolism - elongation and desaturation - are characteristic in obesity, especially in association with the metabolic syndrome and abnormal glucose metabolism, i.e. impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) [1]. The effect of weight loss on specific plasma lipid molecular subclasses is not well understood. Such information may be valuable to elucidate specific lipid species that directly or indirectly affect insulin sensitivity. Changes in the fatty acid composition of TG, the major carriers of fatty acids to peripheral tissues, may alter the risk for developing lipotoxicity-related complications. The effect of weight loss on different plasma lipid subclasses at the molecular level is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine whether a diet-induced weight reduction result in changes in the extended plasma lipid profiles (lipidome) in subjects with features of metabolic syndrome in a 33-week intervention
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