Tri-objective scheduling of residential smart electrical distribution grids with optimal joint of responsive loads with renewable energy sources

Abstract

Abstract High penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) and electrical energy storage (EES) systems in electrical distribution grids has changed the energy balance of distribution system operators (DSO). For this purpose, the energy scheduling problem of a Residential smart electrical distribution grid (RSEDG) with RESs and demand side management (DSM) is modeled as a tri-objective model consisting of: (1) minimization the operation cost, and emission pollutions in generation side; (2) minimization the loss of load expectation (LOLE) in demand side, and (3) minimization the deviation between the demand curve and output power of RESs. The third objective function is used as a DSM strategy to model the joint scheduling of RESs and the deferrable loads (DLs) where the DLs can be shifted regarding the output power of RESs to improve the load factor (LF). The uncertain behavior of the RESs are modeled using the stochastic optimization approach. The proposed model is solved using the epsilon-constraint method. Since the proposed approach has three objective functions; different Pareto solutions are obtained and the best solution is determined by the decision-making method. To investigate the effectiveness of the proposed method, it is applied on the 83-bus distribution grid and its results are compared for four cases studies.