Abstract

El principal objetivo de este estudio es identificar la existencia del fenómeno del tráfico inducido en México. Los resultados obtenidos indican que la ampliación de las vialidades en México origina un aumento de los viajes y de los kilómetros recorridos como consecuencia de una disminución del tiempo de traslado. Esto es, la demanda de viajes puede modelarse como una función de demanda tradicional en donde una disminución de los costos por transporte, que incluyen tanto costos monetarios directos como de tiempo, se traduce en un aumento de la cantidad o longitud de los viajes. Las estimaciones realizadas indican que la elasticidad de las vialidades al consumo de gasolina es de 0.15, confirmando la presencia del tráfico inducido. Asimismo se presentan algunos ejercicios preliminares sobre posibles estimaciones del tráfico inducido para vialidades específicas, aunque debe reconocerse que los valores estimados para el país no necesariamente se aplican al caso de la Ciudad de México. El conjunto de resultados obtenidos indica que la ampliación de la infraestructura vial viene asociada a un aumento menos que proporcional del tráfico, pues se disminuye momentáneamente la razón de uso de las vialidades que, paulatinamente, se va incrementando. De este modo la ampliación vial genera en el corto plazo una mejora en el servicio que tiende a deteriorarse con el tiempo. Esta mejora en el servicio debe sin embargo evaluarse con referencia a los costos que implica en el largo plazo una opción de desarrollo urbano que privilegia el uso del automóvil como medio de transporte en contraposición a otras alternativas. AbstractThe main purpose of this study is to identify the existence of the phenomenon of induced traffic in Mexico. The results obtained indicate that the expansion of roads in Mexico leads to an increase in the number of trips made and kilometers traveled as a result of a reduction in the time taken to move from one place to another. In other words, the demand for trips can be modeled as a function of traditional demand, where a reduction of transport costs, which includes both monetary and time costs, translates into an increase in the number and length of trips. The estimates made indicate that the elasticity of roads to gasoline consumption is 0.15, which confirms the presence of induced traffic. Certain preliminary exercises have also been carried out on possible estimates of induced traffic for specific roads, although it should be recalled that the values estimated for the country as a whole do not necessarily apply to Mexico City. The set of results obtained indicates that the expansion of the road system is associated with a less than proportional increase in traffic, since there is a momentary decrease in the use of the roads that are gradually increased. Thus, in the short term, the expansion of roads leads to an improvement in service that gradually deteriorates over time. This improved service must, however, be evaluated with reference to the long-term costs of a form of urban development that favors the use of the automobile as a means of transport as opposed to other alternatives.

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