Abstract
This study provides an overview of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) research trends in Indonesia from 1975 until April 2021. The systematic review compiled 272 articles related to the Sustainable Development Goals 6.1 and 6.2 in Indonesia, which were published in the Web of Science and Scopus databases. The results showed that the water-related topic (41%) was discussed more often than sanitation (22%) or hygiene (13%). Furthermore, the social theme (39%) was dominantly found in all these articles, mostly finding determinants of WASH-related behavior. However, few WASH implementation studies or behavioral change interventions were recorded in Indonesia, suggesting a gap between science and policy or implementation. On the other hand, hygiene-related topics (14%) and WASH-related financial themes (6%) were the least studied in Indonesia. Combinations of topics (23%) and themes (15%) were also often conducted in Indonesia, suggesting that WASH researchers started to recognize the need to analyze WASH problems holistically, i.e., from multiple perspectives. In addition, the distribution of WASH research was still dominated in the central part of Indonesia, whereas the WASH-related problems, i.e., poor WASH services, and behavior, often occur in this area. This study also offers some research gaps, both in terms of topics, themes, and regional distribution, that need to be considered for the design of future WASH research in Indonesia.
Highlights
The inclusion criteria included: (1) research main topic is related to WASH, especially SDGs 6.1 and 6.2; (2) access for the full paper to perform eligibility assessment; (3) full-text paper in English; and (4) research was conducted in Indonesia
The results show that hygiene has not been widely published in Indonesia, during 1991–2004 (Figure 4)
This review study discusses 272 articles on WASH-related research in Indonesia published before April 2021
Summary
Poor WASH services can weaken health systems, threatens health security, and weigh on the economy. Appropriate WASH services improve the quality of life and fulfill human rights. WASH’s contribution is in the health sector, and has implications for livelihoods, school attendance, and dignity and helps create resilient communities living in healthy environments [2]. This applies to developing countries, one of which is Indonesia, which is the fourth most populated country in the world and will get a demographic bonus in 2045 [3]
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