Abstract
The Laurentian Great Lakes represent 20 percent of the surface fresh water of the world. They are unique because of their long flushing times (in excess of 175 years for Lake Superior), their relatively short mixing times and their consequent propensity to accumulate persistent chemicals and respond very slowly to decreased chemical loadings. Lake Ontario, as the last lake in the system, receives the drainage from the other four Great Lakes in addition to significant chemical contributions from within its drainage basin particularly from its main tributary, the Niagara River. This paper evaluates environmental levels of TCOD and related compounds within the Lake Ontario ecosystem by considering temporal trends, the application of mass loading principles for large lake ecosystems and the examination of a holistic ecosystem perspective on exposure routes.
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