Abstract
BackgroundTuberculosis is an infectious disease usually caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. The global emergence of mono- or multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and extensively drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis pose a considerable challenge to tuberculosis control programs. There has been no reliable and organized data on trends and drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the study area. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the trends of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in the Adigrat General Hospital, eastern Zone of Tigrai, North Ethiopia.MethodsA hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Adigrat General Hospital from January 2015 to 2018.Data was collected retrospectively from the GeneXpert™ TB registration book using a data extraction format. Data was entered into Epi-Info 3.1 and subsequently exported and analyzed using SPSS Version 20.The results were summarized using descriptive statistics, tables, and figures. Bivariate and multi-variant regression analysis was employed to measure the association between dependent and independent variables. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultA total of 5944 Mycobacterium tuberculosis presumptive patients were included in the study. The majority of the study participants were male (58.1%) with participants’ median age of 40.0 (IQR 26–57) years, the majority were 30–44 years. The overall positive cases of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was 24.3% (1446) with a total of 132 (9.1%) found to be resistant to rifampicin. Of the total confirmed positive cases 8.7% (103/1188) and 11.2% (29/258) were rifampicin resistance of presumptive tuberculosis and presumptive drug resistance tuberculosis patients respectively. Age, the reason for diagnosis, site of presumptive tuberculosis, and/or being HIV infected showed significant association with our dependent variable; however, only age and being HIV infected were associated with rifampicin resistance.ConclusionIn our study, the overall trends of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance were found to be high. Rifampicin resistance is more common in patients with HIV and presumptive drug resistance tuberculosis individuals. Therefore, maximizing early detection of drug-resistant and strengthening tuberculosis infection control activities are recommended to reduce the burden of this contagious and potentially deadly disease.
Highlights
Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis
A relatively small proportion of people infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis will go on to develop TB disease; the probability of developing TB is much higher among people with immune suppression or compromise
Adigrat General Hospital is the only hospital that testing sputum using GeneXpertTM and treated the multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) for surrounding 7 districts in the Eastern zone of Tigrai
Summary
Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacteria usually attack the lungs, but TB bacteria can attack any part of the body, such as the kidney, spine, and brain. When people with lung TB cough, sneeze or spit, they propel the TB germs into the air. A relatively small proportion of people infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis will go on to develop TB disease; the probability of developing TB is much higher among people with immune suppression or compromise. About one-quarter of the world’s population has latent TB, which means people have been infected with TB bacteria but are not yet ill with the disease and cannot transmit the disease [2]. Tuberculosis is an infectious disease usually caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. There has been no reliable and organized data on trends and drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the study area. This study aimed to determine the trends of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in the Adigrat General Hospital, eastern Zone of Tigrai, North Ethiopia
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