Abstract
The variability in the intensity and frequency of extreme hydro-meteorological events due to climate change have an enormous impact on managing water resources in developing countries. Frequently it has been recognized as sudden droughts and severe floods. This study analyzed the spatial and temporal trends of five meteorology indices: annual maximum precipitation (AMP), annual precipitation (AP), mean areal precipitation (MAP), annual maximum temperature (AMaT) and annual minimum temperature (AMiT), and three streamflow indices: mean annual flow(MAF), annual maximum flow (AMaxF) and total mean annual flow (TMAF) over the Tendaho Catchment. Mann–Kendall (MK), Spearman Rho (SR), Sen’s slope (SS) test in R-program modifiedmk package, and Sen’s innovative trend test were used to detect trends of 16 meteorological and one streamflow stations from 1979–2017. The result showed that there is statistically significant temporal trends only in AMP, AP, AMaT, and AMiT at 6, 19, 56, and 50% of the stations respectively. The remaining indices have no statistically significant trend in all the stations. It also dictates that the catchment is characterized by a slightly increasing AP and AMP; a slightly decreasing MAP and significant increasing AMaT and AMiT trends. Except for AMaT, there is no particular spatial pattern of AP, MAP, and AMiT on the majority of the stations. Whereas, all streamflow indices showed a slightly decreasing temporal trend at 95% confidence. From this, we can conclude that the decreasing flow trend could be due to the decrement of MAP, an increment of temperature, and construction of reservoirs in the catchment.
Highlights
The spatial and temporal variability of the hydrological and meteorological indices due to climate change has an enormous impact on the environment, society, proper water resources management, and infrastructure safety
Temperature, data of 16 stations from 1979–2017, and the available streamflow data from 1979–2005 at the outlet of the catchment have been calculated into monthly, annual maximum, annual totals
The result showed that the Annual maximum precipitation (AMP), annual precipitation (AP), and areal mean annual precipitation (MAP) in most of the stations detected a statistically non-significant trend
Summary
The spatial and temporal variability of the hydrological and meteorological indices due to climate change has an enormous impact on the environment, society, proper water resources management, and infrastructure safety. Spatial and temporal trends of extreme precipitation and other hydro-meteorological variables have been investigated by many researchers at global, regional, and local scales. Among these different studies were conducted to assess the trend and variability of rainfall in different parts of Ethiopia. Contrasting results of annual and seasonal rainfall trends in some study areas of Ethiopia reported by [8,9]. These studies were used methods of slopes of regression lines using the leastsquares, Sen’s slope estimator, Mann–Kendall trend test, Spearman’s rho, and Innovative Şen Trend test to detect the trends
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