Abstract
Repetitive industrial tasks can be easily performed by traditional robotic systems. However, many other works require cognitive knowledge that only humans can provide. Human-Robot Collaboration (HRC) emerges as an ideal concept of co-working between a human operator and a robot, representing one of the most significant subjects for human-life improvement.The ultimate goal is to achieve physical interaction, where handing over an object plays a crucial role for an effective task accomplishment. Considerable research work had been developed in this particular field in recent years, where several solutions were already proposed. Nonetheless, some particular issues regarding Human-Robot Collaboration still hold an open path to truly important research improvements. This paper provides a literature overview, defining the HRC concept, enumerating the distinct human-robot communication channels, and discussing the physical interaction that this collaboration entails. Moreover, future challenges for a natural and intuitive collaboration are exposed: the machine must behave like a human especially in the pre-grasping/grasping phases and the handover procedure should be fluent and bidirectional, for an articulated function development. These are the focus of the near future investigation aiming to shed light on the complex combination of predictive and reactive control mechanisms promoting coordination and understanding. Following recent progress in artificial intelligence, learning exploration stand as the key element to allow the generation of coordinated actions and their shaping by experience.
Highlights
The industry world uses many automation systems to achieve massive production by the repeatability that it allows
The first one reviewed the evolution of Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) and Human-Robot Collaboration (HRC) conceptualizations, enumerating various interfaces through which humans are able to interact with robots
Considering that physical contact stands as the ultimate form of interaction, physicality was analyzed
Summary
The industry world uses many automation systems to achieve massive production by the repeatability that it allows. Humans do not have the same speed, stamina and physical strength as robots do This duality leads to an idealization of a co-working between humans and robots in a way that both of the contributors could make use of their own values and not be limited by their own conditions. According to Zaatari et al [4], HRC translates a balance between automation and flexibility, aiming to respond to the demands of the market in terms of product customization, variability, and cycle time. Considering the ultimate goal of a fluent, human-like and flawless collaboration, we realize the existence of a wide range of topics that need to be completely covered up, such as safety, interaction, physicality, cognition, adaptation, metrics, among many others. New techniques for improved functionalities need to be developed with safe physical interaction in mind and validated in industrial scenarios
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