Trends of COVID-19 mortality and hospitalization rates in southern states of the United States, 2020-2023

Abstract

ackground and Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has emerged as one of the most profound global health crises of the 21st century. In the United States, the impact of COVID-19 has been severe, with notable disparities observed in the Southern region. This study aims to evaluate trends in COVID-19 mortality and hospitalization rates in southern states over the course of 2020 to 2023 by presenting a comprehensive analysis of trends in COVID-19 outcomes within Southern states. Methods: Data for the study was collected from the COVID-19 Data Tracker, a resource provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Stratification techniques were employed to categorize the sample into subgroups of Southern states (Arkansas, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia). Joinpoint regression models were used to calculate Annual Percentage Change (APC) and Average Annual Percentage Change (AAPC). Results: Results showed a downward trend in both age adjusted APC and AAPC COVID-19 hospitalization rates and an upward trend in mortality rates for all southern states between 2020 to 2023. Only 3 out of the 12 states have age adjusted mortality rates that are lower than the national age adjusted mortality rate for COVID-19 (286.4 deaths per 100,000). COVID-19 vaccine coverage in 12 southern states is 61.8% - 91.3%. Conclusion:The study contributes to a deeper understanding of the evolving dynamics of COVID-19 pandemic within the southern U.S. states. The information would be a valuable guidance for public health strategies, resource allocation, and policymaking aimed at addressing this ongoing crisis. July 2024; Vol. 18(2):001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.18.013 *Correspondence: Bever-Leigh Holden, Jackson State University, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jackson, Mississippi, USA, Email:bever-leigh.i.holden@students.jsums.edu; beverleighholden@yahoo.com